{"id":2792,"date":"2014-04-22T13:01:00","date_gmt":"2014-04-22T13:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lospoliticosveracruz.com.mx\/?p=2792"},"modified":"2014-10-10T03:00:38","modified_gmt":"2014-10-10T03:00:38","slug":"habitos-de-lectura-el-atraso","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lospoliticosveracruz.com\/?p=2792","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e1bitos de lectura, el atraso"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Luis Alberto Romero<\/b><br \/><i>Hora Cero<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Han pasado m\u00e1s de 90 a\u00f1os de la creaci\u00f3n de la Secretar\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica y de las brigadas de instrucci\u00f3n y fomento a la lectura que impuls\u00f3 Jos\u00e9 Vasconcelos, considerado uno de los m\u00e1s importantes educadores de nuestro pa\u00eds.<br \/>Luego de su paso por la rector\u00eda de la UNAM, Vanconcelos asume la Secretar\u00eda de Instrucci\u00f3n P\u00fablica, desde donde emprende un programa de difusi\u00f3n de la cultura, que hasta hoy es tomado como referencia y modelo de las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas en la materia; por ello, al margen de sus ideas pol\u00edticas, es considerado uno de los m\u00e1s l\u00facidos y brillantes pensadores mexicanos.<a name='more'><\/a><br \/>Sin embargo, algo sali\u00f3 mal en todas estas d\u00e9cadas, particularmente en los \u00faltimos 30 a\u00f1os, porque M\u00e9xico se ubica en el s\u00f3tano de la lista de pa\u00edses en cuanto al nivel y los h\u00e1bitos de lectura.<br \/>Las estad\u00edsticas nos dicen que el promedio de lectura per c\u00e1pita en nuestro pa\u00eds es de 2.9 libros al a\u00f1o, muy lejos de los n\u00fameros que registran otros pa\u00edses del \u00e1rea: en Chile, cada persona lee 5.4 libros cada a\u00f1o; en Argentina, 4.6; y en Brasil, 4.<br \/>Si nos comparamos con los pa\u00edses europeos, la diferencia es abismal: aqu\u00ed la lectura es de menos de 3 libros al a\u00f1o; en Suecia y Finlandia, por ejemplo, es de m\u00e1s de 40.<br \/>Lo peor es que los datos de nuestro pa\u00eds incluyen a los libros de texto gratuitos y a los vol\u00famenes de lectura obligatoria en las escuelas, as\u00ed como a los de superaci\u00f3n personal.<br \/>Otras referencias son la Organizaci\u00f3n para la Cooperaci\u00f3n y el Desarrollo Econ\u00f3micos, de la que M\u00e9xico forma parte, y la propia UNESCO; de acuerdo con las estad\u00edsticas que manejan estos dos organismos, para verg\u00fcenza nacional, M\u00e9xico se ubica en el lugar 107 de los 108 pa\u00edses que integran la OCDE.<br \/>Todav\u00eda m\u00e1s: el 40 por ciento de los mexicanos nunca ha entrado, ni por equivocaci\u00f3n, a una librer\u00eda.<br \/>Igual est\u00e1n los universitarios que son, al menos en teor\u00eda, la clase ilustrada del pa\u00eds: la mitad de ellos no compra libros y el 35 por ciento afirma que no lee literatura en general; incluso, el 23 por ciento no lee libros de ning\u00fan tipo.<br \/>Lo curioso es que el nivel de lectura no corresponde con el aumento del presupuesto que en las \u00faltimas dos d\u00e9cadas se ha destinado a la educaci\u00f3n: hoy contamos con casi dos millones 200 mil maestros, el doble de los que hab\u00eda a finales de la d\u00e9cada de los ochentas; en ese lapso, la escolaridad subi\u00f3 de 5 a 9 a\u00f1os en promedio, mientras que el gasto en educaci\u00f3n aument\u00f3 del 5 al 7 por ciento del Producto Interno Bruto.<br \/>En 1977, las familias mexicanas destinaban el 2 por ciento de su ingreso a la educaci\u00f3n; para el 2005, el n\u00famero se multiplic\u00f3 por cinco; y de acuerdo con la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos en los Hogares, Inegi, hoy los hogares mexicanos destinan el 13.8 por ciento al rubro y a pesar de ello, el nivel de lectura se ha mantenido sumamente bajo. Evidentemente, algo falla en el sistema porque la inversi\u00f3n y el gasto p\u00fablico no se refleja en los h\u00e1bitos de lectura.<br \/>Este 23 de abril, a iniciativa de la Unesco, celebramos el d\u00eda mundial del libro, una fecha propicia para reflexionar sobre la importancia de reorientar las pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas en materia de fomento a la lectura y promoci\u00f3n de la cultura y las artes. @luisromero85, <a href=\"http:\/\/luisromero85.blogspot.mx\/\">http:\/\/luisromero85.blogspot.mx\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Luis Alberto RomeroHora Cero Han pasado m\u00e1s de 90 a\u00f1os de la creaci\u00f3n de la Secretar\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n P\u00fablica y de las brigadas de instrucci\u00f3n y fomento a la lectura que impuls\u00f3 Jos\u00e9 Vasconcelos, considerado uno de los m\u00e1s importantes educadores de nuestro pa\u00eds.Luego de su paso por la rector\u00eda de la UNAM, Vanconcelos asume [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2792","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-sin-categoria"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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